How To Fix `do_sigver_init:no default digest` and Upgrading to AWS Signature Version 4 for S3 Uploads in Perl

Author: erics, July 28th, 2025

When performing direct S3 file uploads using custom Perl scripts, I recently encountered the following cryptic error:

405C5D73C37F0000:error:0300009E:digital envelope routines:do_sigver_init:no default digest:crypto/evp/m_sigver.c:372:

1	405C5D73C37F0000:error:0300009E:digital envelope routines:do_sigver_init:no default digest:crypto/evp/m_sigver.c:372:

Alongside this, the AWS S3 server returned:

<Error>
InvalidArgument
  <Message>AWS authorization header is invalid. Expected AwsAccessKeyId:signature</Message>
</Error>

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<Error>

InvalidArgument

<Message>AWS authorization header is invalid. Expected AwsAccessKeyId:signature</Message>

</Error>

This post explains: * What causes the error * Why it’s tied to deprecated AWS Signature Version 2 (SigV2) * How to fully upgrade a Perl curl‑based S3 upload to Signature […]

Categories: How-To's, Technology Tags: AWS, howto, perl, S3, Sign, Signature, tips, Upload | No comments

How To Fix perl: symbol lookup error: undefined symbol: Perl_xs_handshake

Author: erics, November 9th, 2023

This was caused by having the PERL5LIB environment variable set.

root@server1:/root # /etc/webmin/restart-by-force-kill
Force stopping Webmin server in /usr/libexec/webmin
/etc/webmin/.stop-init: line 10: kill: (10111) - No such process
Starting Webmin server in /usr/libexec/webmin
/usr/bin/perl: symbol lookup error: /root/perl5/lib/perl5/x86_64-linux-thread-multi/auto/Net/SSLeay/SSLeay.so: undefined symbol: Perl_ss_handshake

root@ server1:/root # unset PERL5LIB

root@ server1:/root # /etc/webmin/restart-by-force-kill
Force stopping Webmin server in /usr/libexec/webmin
/etc/webmin/.stop-init: line 10: kill: (10111) - No such process
Starting Webmin server in /usr/libexec/webmin

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root@server1:/root # /etc/webmin/restart-by-force-kill

Force stopping Webmin server in /usr/libexec/webmin

/etc/webmin/.stop-init: line 10: kill: (10111) - No such process

Starting Webmin server in /usr/libexec/webmin

/usr/bin/perl: symbol lookup error: /root/perl5/lib/perl5/x86_64-linux-thread-multi/auto/Net/SSLeay/SSLeay.so: undefined symbol: Perl_ss_handshake

root@ server1:/root # unset PERL5LIB

root@ server1:/root # /etc/webmin/restart-by-force-kill

Force stopping Webmin server in /usr/libexec/webmin

/etc/webmin/.stop-init: line 10: kill: (10111) - No such process

Starting Webmin server in /usr/libexec/webmin

Categories: How-To's, Technology Tags: env, environment, Error, howto, perl, Perl_xs_handshake, PERL5LIB, symbol lookup error, tips, undefined symbol, unset, Webmin | No comments

How To Count Lines In A String Variable Using Perl

Author: erics, July 20th, 2021

my $count = () = $string =~ /\n/g;

1	my $count = () = $string =~ /\n/g;

Categories: How-To's, Technology Tags: Count, howto, Newline, perl, String, tips, Var, Variable | No comments

How To Count Strings Inside Another In Perl

Author: erics, June 16th, 2021

my $needle = 'foo';
my $haystack = 'foo foo foo';
my @count = $haystack =~ /$needle/g;
my $count = scalar @count;
print "$count\n";

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my $needle = 'foo';

my $haystack = 'foo foo foo';

my @count = $haystack =~ /$needle/g;

my $count = scalar @count;

print "$count\n";

Should result in 3

Categories: How-To's, Technology Tags: Count, HayStack, howto, Needle, perl, Scalar, String, tips | No comments

How To Dynamically Add a Path to the Perl @INC At Compile-Time

Author: erics, April 16th, 2021

The key is to define a variable first, then use the BEGIN block to initialize the variable, then reference the variable in use lib $var; later on ;-} For example, enable a module contained in the same directory as a script called via the PATH:

#!/ussr/bin/env perl
use strict;
use warnings;

our $scriptPath;

BEGIN {
        eval {
                use File::Basename;
                use File::Spec;
                $scriptPath = dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs(__FILE__));
                1;  
        } or do {
                die "$0 use CRASHED: $@";
        };  
}

use lib $scriptPath;

eval {
        use MyModule::ABC;
        1;
} or do {
        die "$0 use CRASHED: $@";
};

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#!/ussr/bin/env perl

use strict;

use warnings;

our $scriptPath;

BEGIN {

eval {

use File::Basename;

use File::Spec;

$scriptPath = dirname(File::Spec->rel2abs(__FILE__));

1;

} or do {

die "$0 use CRASHED: $@";

};

}

use lib $scriptPath;

eval {

use MyModule::ABC;

1;

} or do {

die "$0 use CRASHED: $@";

};

Categories: How-To's, Technology Tags: @INC, compile, Compile-time, Dir, directory, howto, include, lib, Library, module, Path, perl, require, Run-time, runtime, tips, Use, use lib | No comments

How To Process System Exit Codes Using Perl Eval

Author: erics, March 9th, 2021

The trick to using eval to catch shell execution is to return twice, once inside the eval and once outside:

sub isMaintenance {
    my $return = eval {
        my $err=system("check_policy.sh | grep 'Policy is MAINTENANCE' >/dev/null 2>/dev/null");
        &debug("perl error code: $err");
        $err=$err / 256;
        &debug("system error code: $err");
        if ($err != 0) {
                # Not Maintenance
                if ($verbose) { warn "policy is NOT MAINTENANCE\n"; }
                return 0;
        } else { return 1; }
    };  
    return $return;
}

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sub isMaintenance {

my $return = eval {

my $err=system("check_policy.sh | grep 'Policy is MAINTENANCE' >/dev/null 2>/dev/null");

&debug("perl error code: $err");

$err=$err / 256;

&debug("system error code: $err");

if ($err != 0) {

# Not Maintenance

if ($verbose) { warn "policy is NOT MAINTENANCE\n"; }

return 0;

} else { return 1; }

};

return $return;

}

Neat!

Categories: How-To's, Technology Tags: Code, eval, Exit, Exit Code, howto, perl, Return, System | No comments

How To Escape Single and Double Quotes in Perl

Author: erics, February 11th, 2021

## to add a single backslash in front of whatever char was matched

my $password = q#abc'A1r%Fgt&jh[-#;
$password =~ s/(['])/\\$1/g;
print qq#'$password'\n#;
'abc\'A1r%Fgt&jh[-'

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my $password = q#abc'A1r%Fgt&jh[-#;

$password =~ s/(['])/\\$1/g;

print qq#'$password'\n#;

'abc\'A1r%Fgt&jh[-'

## to double whatever char was matched

my $password = q#abc'A1r%Fgt&jh[-#;
$password =~ s/(['])/$1$1/g;
print qq#'$password'\n#;
'abc''A1r%Fgt&jh[-'

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my $password = q#abc'A1r%Fgt&jh[-#;

$password =~ s/(['])/$1$1/g;

print qq#'$password'\n#;

'abc''A1r%Fgt&jh[-'

## to convert ‘ to ‘\” for shell execution

my $password = q#abc'A1r%Fgt&jh[-#;
$passwordShell =~ s/(['])/$1\\$1$1/g;
print qq#'$password'\n#;
'abc'\''A1r%Fgt&jh[-'

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my $password = q#abc'A1r%Fgt&jh[-#;

$passwordShell =~ s/(['])/$1\\$1$1/g;

print qq#'$password'\n#;

'abc'\''A1r%Fgt&jh[-'

Categories: How-To's, Technology Tags: Backslash, Characters, double, double quotes, Escape, howto, perl, quote, quotes, Replace, Single, single quotes, Speci, Special, Special character, Substitute, tips | No comments

How To Fix “IOError: [Errno 10] No child processes” When Running the aws CLI Command from Perl WWW-REST-Apid

Author: erics, December 3rd, 2020

Problem While running the aws cli command from a Perl async command inside apid, I go the following error:

IOError: [Errno 10] No child processes

1	IOError: [Errno 10] No child processes

Solution The issue turned out to be a bug in Python2.7, so I upgraded to Python3.4, then uninstalled and re-installed the aws cli software so that it used the proper Python34 version. Procedure

sudo -i
cd
## Upgrade Python
yum install python34
alternatives --config python

## "Uninstall" old aws cli
mv /opt/aws /opt/aws.fcs
cd /usr/bin/
mv aws aws.fcs
mv aws_completer aws_completer.fcs
 
## Install new aws cli
curl "https://awscli.amazonaws.com/awscli-exe-linux-x86_64.zip" -o "awscliv2.zip"
unzip awscliv2.zip
./aws/install -i /opt/aws -b /usr/bin
/usr/bin/aws --version

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sudo -i

cd

## Upgrade Python

yum install python34

alternatives --config python

## "Uninstall" old aws cli

mv /opt/aws /opt/aws.fcs

cd /usr/bin/

mv aws aws.fcs

mv aws_completer aws_completer.fcs

## Install new aws cli

curl "https://awscli.amazonaws.com/awscli-exe-linux-x86_64.zip" -o "awscliv2.zip"

unzip awscliv2.zip

./aws/install -i /opt/aws -b /usr/bin

/usr/bin/aws --version

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/install-cliv2-linux.html […]

Categories: How-To's, Technology Tags: alternatives, API, apid, AWS, aws cli, AWS Linux, Broken, cli, Cloudformation, Command, Curl, Error, Exec, Execute, howto, IOError, Linux, No child processes, perl, Python, Python27, Python34, tips, Yum | No comments

How To Modify Files Inline Using PERL Edit In Place

Author: erics, July 8th, 2020

    my $stamp = strftime "%Y%m%d%H%M%S", gmtime time;
    ## in-place update for the file
    our $^I = ".$stamp";
    local @ARGV = ($fullpath);
    while ( <ARGV> ) {
            if (/$regex/) {
                next;
            }    
            # this print is the critical part to write the line back to the file
            print;
    }    
    $^I = undef;

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my $stamp = strftime "%Y%m%d%H%M%S", gmtime time;

## in-place update for the file

our $^I = ".$stamp";

local @ARGV = ($fullpath);

while ( <ARGV> ) {

if (/$regex/) {

next;

}

# this print is the critical part to write the line back to the file

print;

}

$^I = undef;

Categories: How-To's, Technology Tags: Change, Edit, Edit In Place, howto, in place, Inline, modify, perl, Place, Script, tips | No comments

How To Get a Formatted Date in Perl

Author: erics, July 8th, 2020

use POSIX qw(strftime);
my $stamp = strftime "%Y%m%d%H%M%S", localtime;
my $stamp = strftime "%Y%m%d%H%M%S", gmtime;

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use POSIX qw(strftime);

my $stamp = strftime "%Y%m%d%H%M%S", localtime;

my $stamp = strftime "%Y%m%d%H%M%S", gmtime;

Categories: How-To's, Technology Tags: Date, datetime, gmtime, howto, localtime, perl, Stamp, strftime, time, timedate, Timestamp, tips | No comments

How To Fix `do_sigver_init:no default digest` and Upgrading to AWS Signature Version 4 for S3 Uploads in Perl

How To Fix perl: symbol lookup error: undefined symbol: Perl_xs_handshake

How To Count Lines In A String Variable Using Perl

How To Count Strings Inside Another In Perl

How To Dynamically Add a Path to the Perl @INC At Compile-Time

How To Process System Exit Codes Using Perl Eval

How To Escape Single and Double Quotes in Perl

How To Fix “IOError: [Errno 10] No child processes” When Running the aws CLI Command from Perl WWW-REST-Apid

How To Modify Files Inline Using PERL Edit In Place

How To Get a Formatted Date in Perl

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