How To Expand an NVMe EBS Volumes After a Disk Resize on Amazon Linux

Author: erics, February 19th, 2021

First, use lsblk to see the raw partitions:

# df -hT
Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/nvme0n1p1 xfs        20G  2.8G   18G  14% /

# lsblk
NAME          MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
nvme0n1       259:0    0  40G  0 disk 
├─nvme0n1p1   259:1    0  20G  0 part /
└─nvme0n1p128 259:2    0   1M  0 part

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# df -hT

Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/nvme0n1p1 xfs 20G 2.8G 18G 14% /

# lsblk

NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT

nvme0n1 259:0 0 40G 0 disk

├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 20G 0 part /

└─nvme0n1p128 259:2 0 1M 0 part

Note how the partition at 259:1 is only 20GB, while the entire disk at 259:0 is 40GB. A partition resize is required in this case.

# sudo growpart /dev/nvme0n1 1
CHANGED: partition=1 start=4096 old: size=41938911 end=41943007 new: size=83881951 end=83886047

# lsblk
NAME          MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
nvme0n1       259:0    0  40G  0 disk 
├─nvme0n1p1   259:1    0  40G  0 part /
└─nvme0n1p128 259:2    0   1M  0 part 

# df -hT
Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/nvme0n1p1 xfs        20G  2.8G   18G  14% /

# sudo xfs_growfs -d /
meta-data=/dev/nvme0n1p1         isize=512    agcount=11, agsize=524159 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=5242363, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 5242363 to 10485243

# df -hT
/dev/nvme0n1p1 xfs        40G  2.8G   38G   7% /

If the XFS tools are not already installed, you can install them as follows:
sudo yum install xfsprogs

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# sudo growpart /dev/nvme0n1 1

CHANGED: partition=1 start=4096 old: size=41938911 end=41943007 new: size=83881951 end=83886047

# lsblk

NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT

nvme0n1 259:0 0 40G 0 disk

├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 40G 0 part /

└─nvme0n1p128 259:2 0 1M 0 part

# df -hT

Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/nvme0n1p1 xfs 20G 2.8G 18G 14% /

# sudo xfs_growfs -d /

meta-data=/dev/nvme0n1p1 isize=512 agcount=11, agsize=524159 blks

= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1

= crc=1 finobt=1 spinodes=0

data = bsize=4096 blocks=5242363, imaxpct=25

= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks

naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1

log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2

= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1

realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0

data blocks changed from 5242363 to 10485243

# df -hT

/dev/nvme0n1p1 xfs 40G 2.8G 38G 7% /

If the XFS tools are not already installed, you can install them as follows:

sudo yum install xfsprogs

For an EXT4 filesystem, use the resize2fs command instead:

sudo resize2fs /dev/nvme0n1p1

1	sudo resize2fs /dev/nvme0n1p1

For more information, please visit the AMW Docs: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/recognize-expanded-volume-linux.html

Categories: How-To's, Technology Tags: Amazon, Amazon Linux 2, AWS, df, df -hT, Disk, EBS, Expand, Filesystem, Grow, howto, Linux, Linux2, lsblk, NVMe, partition, Resize, tips, volume, XFS | No comments

How To Expand a Filesystem on AWS Linux

Author: erics, March 6th, 2018

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/recognize-expanded-volume-linux.html This only works on the new expandable volumes. YMMV, as always. 1. Examine file -s /dev/xvd* lsblk df -h 2. Grow partition Expand the modified partition using growpart (and note the unusual syntax of separating the device name from the partition number): growpart /dev/xvda 1 lsblk 3. Expand filesystem resize2fs /dev/xvda1 df -h

Categories: How-To's, Technology Tags: Examine, Expand, file system, Filesystem, Grow, growpart, howto, lsblk, partition, Resize, resize2fs, tips | No comments

How To Reduce the Size of a PDF Using Ghostscript

Author: erics, February 4th, 2017

Make sure you have Ghostscript installed, then:

gs -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dCompatibilityLevel=1.4 -dPDFSETTINGS="/ebook" -sOutputFile=output.pdf input.pdf

1	gs -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dCompatibilityLevel=1.4 -dPDFSETTINGS="/ebook" -sOutputFile=output.pdf input.pdf

-dPDFSETTINGS={value} where {value} is one of: /screen – the lowest resolution and lowest file size, fine for viewing on a screen /ebook – mid-range resolution and file size /printer – high-quality setting used for printing PDFs /prepress – high-quality setting used for printing PDFs As always, YMMV…

Categories: How-To's, Technology Tags: Adobe, cli, Command line, Ghostscript, gs, howto, Linux, macosx, PDF, Reduce, Resize, Smaller, tips | No comments

How To Resize an ext3 Filesystem

Author: erics, August 31st, 2014

I had to replace an ailing root volume on AWS, so I decided to double the size when I created the new volume from snapshot. After booting, I realized that df still showed the old filesystem size of 10GB, not the new size of 20GB Here is the solution: resize2fs /dev/xvda1

root@prod02:/root # df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/xvda1            9.9G  6.4G  3.4G  66% /

root@prod02:/root # resize2fs /dev/xvda1   
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/xvda1 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 2
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/xvda1 to 5242880 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/xvda1 is now 5242880 blocks long.

root@prod02:/root # df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/xvda1             20G  6.4G   14G  33% /

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root@prod02:/root # df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/xvda1 9.9G 6.4G 3.4G 66% /

root@prod02:/root # resize2fs /dev/xvda1

resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Filesystem at /dev/xvda1 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required

old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 2

Performing an on-line resize of /dev/xvda1 to 5242880 (4k) blocks.

The filesystem on /dev/xvda1 is now 5242880 blocks long.

root@prod02:/root # df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/xvda1 20G 6.4G 14G 33% /

Categories: How-To's, Technology Tags: AWS, CentOS, ext3, Filesystem, howto, Online, Resize, resize2fs, Snapshot, tips, volume | No comments

How To Grow EBS Volumes on AWS

Author: erics, June 27th, 2014

PROCEDURE FOR NON-ROOT FILESYSTEMS: Run the df command and record the device path for the mount point you wish to grow. Unmount the filesystem to insure consistency. Detach the volume from the instance. Create a snapshot of the unmounted filesystem. Create a volume from the snapshot, specifying a larger size in the new volume form. […]

Categories: How-To's, Technology Tags: AWS, EBS, Grow, howto, Increase, Resize, tips, volume | No comments

How To Expand an NVMe EBS Volumes After a Disk Resize on Amazon Linux

How To Expand a Filesystem on AWS Linux

How To Reduce the Size of a PDF Using Ghostscript

How To Resize an ext3 Filesystem

How To Grow EBS Volumes on AWS

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